Signs of Resurrection

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ثُمَّ أَخْبَرَ سُبْحَانَهُ عَنْ حَالِ الإِنسَانِ فِي يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ مُمْتَنِعٍ مِنْ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ لَا بِقُوَّةٍ مِّنْهُ وَلَا بِقُوَّةٍ مِنْ خَارِجٍ وَهُوَ النَّاصِرُ

Then He, the Exalted, informed us about the state of human beings on the Day of Judgment: that they will not be able to prevent the punishment of Allah, neither by their own strength nor by any external support, for He is the Helper.

فإن العبد إذا وقع في شدة فإما أن يدفعها بقوته أو قوة من ينصره وكلاهما معدوم في حقه

For when the servant falls into distress, he either repels it with his strength or with the strength of one who aids him, and both are absent in his case.

ونظيره قوله سبحان ﴿لا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ نَصْرَ أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلا هُمْ مِنَّا يُصْحَبُونَ﴾

And a similar idea is in His saying, "They are unable to help themselves, nor are they assisted by Us."

ثُمَّ أَقْسَمَ سُبْحَانَهُ بِـ وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الرَّجْعِ وَالأَرْضِ ذَاتِ الصَّدْعِ

Then He, the Exalted, swore by "the sky with its returning rain and the earth with its splitting growth."

فَأَقْسَمَ بِالسَّمَاءِ وَرَجْعِهَا بِالْمَطَرِ وَالأَرْضِ وَصَدْعِهَا بِالنَّبَاتِ

So He swore by the sky and its rain, and by the earth and its plants.

قَالَ الفَرَّاءُ تَبْدِي بِالْمَطَرِ ثُمَّ تَرْجِعُ بِهِ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ

Al-Farra' said: It appears with rain and then returns with it every year.

وَقَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الرَّجْعُ الْمَطَرُ لِأَنَّهُ يَجِيءُ وَيَرْجِعُ وَيَتَكَرَّرُ

Abu Ishaq said that 'returning' is rain because it comes and returns and repeats.

وَكَذَلِكَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ تَبْدِي بِالْمَطَرِ ثُمَّ تَرْجِعُ بِهِ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ

And Ibn Abbas similarly said: It appears with rain and then returns with it every year.

وَالتَّحْقِيقُ أَنَّ هَذَا عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّمْثِيلِ

And the accurate understanding is that this is a form of analogy.

وَرَجْعُ السَّمَاءِ هُوَ إِعْطَاءُ الْخَيْرِ الَّذِي يَكُونُ مِنْ جِهَتِهَا حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ عَلَى مُرُورِ الأَزْمَانِ تَرْجِعُهُ رَجْعًا أَيْ تُعْطِيهِ مَرَّةً بَعْدَ مَرَّةٍ

And the sky's return is the provision of good which comes from it continuously over time, returning repeatedly, meaning it gives repeatedly over and over.

والخير كله من قبل السماء يجي لما كان أظهر الخير المشهود بالعيان المطر فسر الرجع به ومقابلته بصدع الأرض عن النبات

And all good comes from the sky, and since the most evident visible blessing is rain, the 'return' is interpreted as such, contrasted with the earth's splitting for plant growth.

وَفُسِّرَ الصَّدْعُ بِالنَّبَاتِ لِأَنَّهُ يَصْدَعُ الأَرْضَ أَيْ يَشُقُّهَا

And the splitting is explained as the plants, because they split the earth, meaning they break through it.

فَأَقْسَمَ سُبْحَانَهُ بِالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْمَطَرِ وَالأَرْضِ ذَاتِ النَّبَاتِ وَكُلٌّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ آيَةٌ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى الدَّالَّةُ عَلَى رُبُوبِيَّتِهِ

So He, the Exalted, swore by the sky with its rain and the earth with its plants, and each of these is a sign of Allah's lordship.

وَأَقْسَمَ عَلَى كَوْنِ الْقُرْآنِ حَقًّا وَصِدْقًا فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ لَقَوْلٌ فَصْلٌ وَمَا هُوَ بِالْهَزْلِ

And He swore to the truth and authenticity of the Qur'an, saying: "Indeed, it is a decisive word, and it is not a jest."

كَمَا أَقْسَمَ فِي أَوَّلِ السُّورَةِ عَلَى حَالِ الإِنْسَانِ فِي مَبْدَئِهِ وَمَعَادِهِ

As He swore at the beginning of the chapter about the human state at creation and return.

وَالْقَوْلُ الْفَصْلُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ الْحَقِّ وَالْبَاطِلِ فَيُمَيِّزُ هَذَا مِنْ هَذَا

The decisive word is that which separates truth from falsehood, distinguishing one from the other.

وَيَفْصِلُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ

And it distinguishes between people regarding what they disagreed upon.

وَمُصِيبُ الْفَصْلِ الَّذِي يَنْفَصِلُ عِنْدَهُ الْمُرَادُ وَيَتَمَيَّزُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ

And reaches the outcome where the intended meaning is separated and distinguished from others.