صَاحِب holder in Arabic

هُوَ يسْعد صَاحبه وَيدخل الْجنَّة لَا محَالة لَهُ من دَعْوَة مجابة

It brings happiness to its holder and he will enter Paradise without a doubt, and he will have a supplication that is answered.

صَاحِبَهُ to its holder

'its companion, holder', the object (accusative) of 'brings happiness to', with 'its' attached pointing back to the tawhid. So one word carries owner plus object together.

From Worship God Alone

لذلك جاء في القرآن ﴿فَمَنْ ثَقُلَتْ مَوَازِينُهُ فَأُولَٰئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ﴾، ولم يقل من رجحت سيئاته؛ لأن السيئات لا تُعطي صاحبها وزنًا محمودًا، بل تُسقطه

Therefore, it is mentioned in the Quran: 'So those whose scales are heavy, they are the successful ones,' and it does not say: 'whose bad deeds outweigh,' because bad deeds do not give their owner a praiseworthy weight; rather, they bring him down.

صَاحِبَهَا their owner

'their owner' — 'sahib' with 'their' attached, accusative as the first object of 'give'. The 'their' points back to the bad deeds: 'the one who has them'.

From Small Deeds, Great Reward

وحامل راية الإسلام وحامي حوزة الدين ومحيي السنة عند عوام أصحابه،

And the bearer of the banner of Islam, the protector of the domain of the faith, and the reviver of the Sunnah in the view of the common people among his followers.

أَصْحَابِهِ among his followers

This noun, his companions, is the owner half of the pairing, genitive, with the possessor attached pointing back to him. The chain reads 'the common folk of his companions', the suffix tracking whose followers they are.

From Unity Over Partisanship

بل هو وبال على صاحبه وخزي وحسرة وندامة

Rather, it is a burden on the owner and a disgrace, regret, and remorse.

صَاحِبِهِ owner of it

A noun 'owner/companion' with an attached 'its' fused on, pointing back to the knowledge: the one who holds it. It sits in the form the preceding 'upon' governs, and the possessor rides entirely on that suffix.

From Knowledge and Humility

فقال الوزير أحسنت، اذهب فقد سبقك الجصاص إلى الجنة، فالقصر الذي اشتريته هو لصاحب الدار، فاذهب واقبضه منه

The minister said: Well done, go, for Al-Jassas has preceded you to Paradise, and the palace you bought belongs to the owner of the house, so go and collect it from him.

لِصَاحِبِ to the owner of

This is li- 'belonging to' plus the noun 'owner'. The li- expresses possession, 'it is the owner's', and forces the genitive. The noun then heads an 'of' chain with 'the house' that follows.

From The Reward of Giving

وعن الزهري، قال كان رجل يجالس أصحاب رسول الله ويحدثهم

Al-Zuhri said, 'There was a man who used to sit with the companions of the Messenger of Allah and talk to them.'

أَصْحَابَ the companions

The -a ending marks this as the direct object of 'sit with'. It then heads an 'of' chain with 'the Messenger', owning him as 'companions of...'.

From Reviving the Heart

بينا هي في صعود الزيادة إذا صاحبها إلى القبر في انحدار،

While it is in the ascent of increase, suddenly its owner heads to the grave in decline,

صَاحِبُهَا its owner

This noun heads a possessive pairing and carries an attached feminine 'its' that points back to the cattle, so it means 'their owner'. The suffix tracks ownership across the sentence, naming the person whose sudden death contrasts with the herd's growth.

From Preferring the Hereafter

وعلى صاحبه أبي بكر أبي،

And upon his companion, my father Abu Bakr.

صَاحِبِهِ his companion

The attached -hi adds 'his', pointing back to the Prophet, so the owner is fused onto the noun. Standing after the preposition 'upon', the noun carries the post-preposition ending, and it opens an apposition naming who this companion is.

From The Story of Prophet Joseph

وَقَوله التَّوْبَة إِذْ يَقُول لصَاحبه لَا تحزن إِن الله مَعنا

And His saying in At-Tawbah when he said to his companion, 'Do not grieve, indeed God is with us.'

لِصَاحِبِهِ to his companion

A 'to' preposition carrying a noun 'companion' with 'his' attached, 'to his companion'. So one word bundles the preposition, the noun, and the possessor; the 'his' points to the speaker, naming whom he addressed.

From Patience in Hard Times

نعم لَا يَأْثَم صَاحبه إِذا لم يقْتَرن بحزنه محرم كَمَا يحزن على المصائب

Yes, one does not sin for it if his sadness is not accompanied by something prohibited, as one grieves over calamities.

صَاحِبُهُ its owner

Noun, 'its owner/the one with it', with 'its' attached, the subject of 'does not sin', following its verb. The 'its' points back to the sadness, so it means the person who feels it.

From Patience in Hard Times

فَلَمْ يَسْأَلْ وَاحِدٌ مِنْهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ،

Then neither of them asked his companion about anything until morning.

صَاحِبَهُ his companion

A noun with the attached 'his' fused on, so the possessor rides on the word. It is what each one did not ask — the object of the verb, its ending in the object case.

From A Stranger Finds the Prophet

وَهُوَ الْفَقْرِ الْحَاضِرِ الَّذِي يُؤَدِّي صَاحِبَهُ إِلَى الْعَذَابِ الدَّائِمِ الشَّدِيدِ

And it is the immediate poverty that leads its owner to severe, everlasting punishment.

صَاحبه its owner

This noun has an attached 'its/his' ending and serves as the thing the verb acts on. The attached owner points back to the poverty named earlier, so it is poverty's own bearer who is being led, not a nearby noun.

From Charity and Stinginess

وما يذكره أصحاب أحمد في مسائل الخلاف إن إيجاب هذه الأذكار من مفردات أحمد عن الثلاثة؛

And what the followers of Ahmad mention in issues of disagreement: making these remembrances obligatory is unique to Ahmad, apart from the three others.

أَصْحَابُ followers

This noun is the first half of a possessive 'of' pairing: it is owned by the name that follows, so the two words together mean 'the followers of Ahmad'. Arabic builds this by placing the two nouns directly side by side with no separate word for 'of', and the first noun drops any 'the' of its own.

From Praise and Supplication in Prayer

فذلك لأن أصحاب مالك يسمون هذه سنناً، والسنة عندهم قد تكون واجبة إذا تركها أعاد،

This is because Malik's followers call these practices Sunnah, and a Sunnah in their view can be obligatory; if it is left, it must be repeated.

أَصْحَابَ followers

This noun is the topic governed by the causal 'because anna' just before it, which is why it takes the accusative ending. It also heads an 'of' pairing with the name that follows, giving 'the followers of Malik'.

From Praise and Supplication in Prayer

وأولو الأمر أصحاب الأمر وذووه، وهم الذين يأمرون الناس،

Those in authority are the people of command and its holders, and they are the ones who give orders to people.

أَصْحَابُ people

A noun, 'the people / holders', acting as the thing said about the subject (the predicate); with no verb 'are', the bare pairing means 'they are the holders'. It heads its own 'of' pairing with 'the command' that follows.

From Obedience to God and Authority